On the evening of August 23, 1989, an astonishing sight unfolded across Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Nearly two million people joined hands to form a 675-kilometer human chain stretching from Tallinn through Riga to Vilnius – a peaceful protest known as the Baltic Way.

The term “Baltic countries” today commonly refers to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, three small nations on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. This usage emerged only in the 20th century. Before World War I, the idea of a unified “Baltic” group of nations did not really exist – Estonia and Latvia were known as the Baltic Provinces of the Russian Empire, while Lithuania was often grouped with Poland. After World War I, however, a cluster of newly independent states formed on the Baltic Sea’s eastern shore. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – all gaining independence around 1917–1918 – were initially all considered “Baltic states” in the interwar period.

At its height in the mid-1600s, the Swedish Empire stood as one of Europe’s great powers — a northern giant whose reach extended from Scandinavia to the Baltics and deep into Central Europe. Its rise reshaped the cultural, legal, and academic landscape of the region, leaving traces still visible today in universities, languages, and laws across Finland, Estonia, and Latvia. Yet, behind the golden glow of what some remember as the “good old Swedish times” lay centuries of war, heavy taxation, and cultural tension. This article explores how Sweden’s imperial ambitions forged both enlightenment and hardship — a legacy that continues to define the shared history of the Nordic and Baltic worlds.

In the 19th century, as European nations rediscovered their folk roots, two kindred peoples – the Finns and Estonians – sang their nations into being through epic poetry. Finland’s Kalevala (first published 1835, expanded 1849) and Estonia’s Kalevipoeg (1857–1861) are national epics born of oral folklore and Romantic nationalism.

A grassroots emblem born on the internet, shaped by old symbols and new kinship—and why it still resonates in Finland, Estonia, and elsewhere even without official backing.

Traveling across Europe, one might assume that a basic grasp of Indo-European languages (from English and French to Russian) would suffice to decipher road signs or overhear conversations. Yet in three countries – Estonia, Finland, and Hungary – a traveler is met with words and sounds utterly unfamiliar, even alien, to the ears accustomed to Romance, Germanic, or Slavic speech.

When Estonian-born, New York–based artist Valev Laube first began sketching out ideas for a modest EP in early 2025, he didn’t know it would grow into a full-length, emotionally charged album about healing, balance, and rebirth. What started as a few quiet sketches for violin and piano became a profound sonic diary—an unguarded reflection of what it means to find peace after turmoil.

Tallinn’s waterfront is dominated by a vast concrete structure that locals know all too well – Linnahall. This sprawling Soviet-era edifice, completed in 1980, was once a bustling venue for sports and concerts. Today it stands silent and decaying, at the center of a passionate debate over preservation and redevelopment. In this article, we explore why Linnahall was built, its architectural significance in Estonia (and the Soviet Union of its time), the recent controversies over its fate, proposed renovation plans, and even a brush with Hollywood magic that renewed public interest in this hulking landmark.

Rising above each Baltic capital is a monumental Soviet-era TV tower – but a closer look reveals an intriguing anomaly. The towers in Tallinn (Estonia) and Vilnius (Lithuania) bear an uncanny resemblance, like architectural twins, while Riga’s tower in Latvia stands apart with a strikingly different, futuristic design. How did these parallel and divergent structures come to be?

Nordic sauna culture is ubiquitous – in fact, “steaming in saunas is a way of life for most Nordics”. Finland alone has about 3.3 million saunas for 5.5 million people. Across the eight Nordic lands (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Åland), saunas are treated as sacred, everyday rituals – not novelty spa experiences.