Finnish actor Jaakko Ohtonen has been cast in the lead role of Jesus Christ in Mel Gibson’s upcoming sequel to The Passion of the Christ, a film titled The Resurrection of the Christ. This landmark casting marks one of the most high-profile international roles ever undertaken by a Finnish actor, elevating Ohtonen from relative obscurity outside his home country to the face of a major Hollywood production.

In September 2019, viewers of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon were treated to an unlikely musical mashup. Puerto Rican rap star Residente brought fellow Boricua artist Bad Bunny on stage to debut their new reggaeton single “Bellacoso” – but the performance opened with the lilting melody of “Ievan Polkka,” a 1930s Finnish folk song. As Fallon enthusiastically introduced the act, the show’s cameras panned to a quartet of Nordic singers delivering the famous Finnish polka refrain a cappella.

At its height in the mid-1600s, the Swedish Empire stood as one of Europe’s great powers — a northern giant whose reach extended from Scandinavia to the Baltics and deep into Central Europe. Its rise reshaped the cultural, legal, and academic landscape of the region, leaving traces still visible today in universities, languages, and laws across Finland, Estonia, and Latvia. Yet, behind the golden glow of what some remember as the “good old Swedish times” lay centuries of war, heavy taxation, and cultural tension. This article explores how Sweden’s imperial ambitions forged both enlightenment and hardship — a legacy that continues to define the shared history of the Nordic and Baltic worlds.

In the 19th century, as European nations rediscovered their folk roots, two kindred peoples – the Finns and Estonians – sang their nations into being through epic poetry. Finland’s Kalevala (first published 1835, expanded 1849) and Estonia’s Kalevipoeg (1857–1861) are national epics born of oral folklore and Romantic nationalism.

A grassroots emblem born on the internet, shaped by old symbols and new kinship—and why it still resonates in Finland, Estonia, and elsewhere even without official backing.

Traveling across Europe, one might assume that a basic grasp of Indo-European languages (from English and French to Russian) would suffice to decipher road signs or overhear conversations. Yet in three countries – Estonia, Finland, and Hungary – a traveler is met with words and sounds utterly unfamiliar, even alien, to the ears accustomed to Romance, Germanic, or Slavic speech.

The national flags of Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark all feature the characteristic off-center “Nordic cross.” The offset cross design (symbolizing Christianity) traces back to Denmark. Legend holds that Denmark’s Dannebrog (red with white cross) fell from the sky during the 1219 Battle of Lindanise (in present-day Tallinn, Estonia), securing victory for King Valdemar II.

Nordic sauna culture is ubiquitous – in fact, “steaming in saunas is a way of life for most Nordics”. Finland alone has about 3.3 million saunas for 5.5 million people. Across the eight Nordic lands (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Åland), saunas are treated as sacred, everyday rituals – not novelty spa experiences.

Greenland, the world’s largest island, is an Arctic land of dramatic icecaps and rich cultural heritage. Despite its vast geography, Greenland’s population is just around 56,000 – about 88% of whom are Inuit, known as Kalaallit in the West Greenlandic. These Indigenous Greenlanders have maintained a vibrant way of life in harmony with the harsh but beautiful environment for millennia. From ancient Inuit traditions to Norse Viking tales and a colonial past under Denmark, Greenland’s history and culture weave a remarkable story of resilience and unity.

The Faroe Islands – a windswept archipelago of 18 emerald isles in the North Atlantic – sit roughly 990 km from the Danish coast, yet remain part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Home to about 55,000 people, the Faroese have forged a distinct cultural identity in their remote home, with their own language, traditions, and parliament dating back over a millennium. Føroyar, as the Faroes are known in their native tongue, translates to “Sheep Islands,” a nod to the sheep that dot its rugged hillsides. Over centuries, these hardy islanders have maintained a Faroese soul even as they navigated a complex relationship with Denmark.